Active Ingredient History
Etoposide (trade name Etopophos) is a semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. It has been in clinical use for more than two decades and remains one of the most highly prescribed anticancer drugs in the world. The primary cytotoxic target for etoposide is topoisomerase II. This ubiquitous enzyme regulates DNA under- and over winding, and removes knots and tangles from the genome by generating transient double-stranded breaks in the double helix. Etoposide kills cells by stabilizing a covalent enzyme-cleaved DNA complex (known as the cleavage complex) that is a transient intermediate in the catalytic cycle of topoisomerase II. The accumulation of cleavage complexes in treated cells leads to the generation of permanent DNA strand breaks, which trigger recombination/repair pathways, mutagenesis, and chromosomal translocations. If these breaks overwhelm the cell, they can initiate death pathways. Thus, etoposide converts topoisomerase II from an essential enzyme to a potent cellular toxin that fragments the genome. Although the topoisomerase II-DNA cleavage complex is an important target for cancer chemotherapy, there also is evidence that topoisomerase II-mediated DNA strand breaks induced by etoposide and other agents can trigger chromosomal translocations that lead to specific types of leukemia. Etopophos (etoposide phosphate) is indicated in the management of the following neoplasms: Refractory Testicular Tumors-and for Small Cell Lung Cancer. The in vitro cytotoxicity observed for etoposide phosphate is significantly less than that seen with etoposide, which is believed due to the necessity for conversion in vivo to the active moiety, etoposide, by dephosphorylation. The mechanism of action is believed to be the same as that of etoposide. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
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| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (approved 1996)
Testicular Neoplasms (approved 1983)
Acne Vulgaris (Phase 3)
Adenocarcinoma (Phase 2)
Adenocarcinoma of Lung (Phase 3)
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Adrenocortical Carcinoma (Phase 3)
Anemia, Aplastic (Phase 2)
Anemia, Refractory (Phase 3)
Angiogenesis Modulating Agents (Phase 2)
Antigens, CD19 (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Antigens, CD20 (Phase 1)
Astrocytoma (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Autoimmune Diseases (Phase 2)
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome (Phase 2)
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (Phase 3)
Bone Marrow Cells (Phase 2)
Bone Marrow Diseases (Phase 1)
Bone Neoplasms (Phase 1)
Brain Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Breast Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Bronchial Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Burkitt Lymphoma (Phase 4)
Carcinoma (Phase 3)
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic (Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Embryonal (Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular (Phase 3)
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell (Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid (Phase 1)
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine (Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung (Phase 4)
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial (Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal (Phase 1)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell (Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Small Cell (Phase 3)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell (Phase 2)
Cardiotoxicity (Phase 3)
Castleman Disease (Phase 2)
Central Nervous System Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Cerebellar Diseases (Phase 2)
Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion (Phase 2)
Child (Phase 2)
Cholangiocarcinoma (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Choriocarcinoma (Phase 3)
Choroid Plexus Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Chromosome Aberrations (Phase 2)
Clonal Hematopoiesis (Phase 2)
Colorectal Neoplasms (Phase 2)
COVID-19 (Phase 3)
Cytokine Release Syndrome (Phase 4)
Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures (Phase 2)
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (Phase 2)
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (Phase 2)
Digestive System Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Diploidy (Phase 2)
Down Syndrome (Phase 3)
Drugs, Investigational (Phase 3)
Drug Therapy (Phase 2)
Electroconvulsive Therapy (Phase 2)
Encephalitis (Phase 2)
Endodermal Sinus Tumor (Phase 3)
Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma (Phase 4)
Ependymoma (Phase 3)
Esophageal Neoplasms (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Phase 3)
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Ganglioneuroblastoma (Phase 3)
Germinoma (Phase 3)
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Phase 3)
Glioblastoma (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Glioma (Phase 2)
Gliosarcoma (Phase 2)
Graft vs Host Disease (Phase 2)
Hamartoma (Phase 2)
Head and Neck Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Hematologic Diseases (Phase 2)
Hematologic Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (Phase 4)
Hepatoblastoma (Phase 3)
Herpesvirus 4, Human (Phase 3)
Herpesvirus 8, Human (Phase 2)
HIV (Phase 2)
HIV Infections (Phase 3)
Hodgkin Disease (Phase 3)
HTLV-I Infections (Phase 1)
Hydatidiform Mole (Phase 3)
Hypertrophy (Phase 3)
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Phase 3)
Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis (Phase 2)
Immunoglobulin Light Chains (Phase 2)
Immunotherapy (Phase 2)
Infections (Phase 2)
Informed Consent (Phase 2)
Intestinal Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Intraocular Lymphoma (Phase 2)
Kidney Diseases (Phase 3)
Kidney Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (Phase 2)
Leukemia (Phase 3)
Leukemia, B-Cell (Phase 2)
Leukemia, Eosinophilic, Acute (Phase 3)
Leukemia, Hairy Cell (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic (Phase 1)
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell (Phase 4)
Leukemia, Lymphoid (Phase 4)
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell (Phase 2)
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute (Phase 3)
Leukemia, Myeloid (Phase 3)
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute (Phase 4)
Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute (Phase 3)
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic (Phase 3)
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile (Phase 1)
Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic (Phase 1)
Leukemia, Plasma Cell (Phase 2)
Leukemia, Prolymphocytic (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, B-Cell (Phase 2)
Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, T-Cell (Phase 2)
Leukemia, T-Cell (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Liver Neoplasms (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Lung Diseases (Phase 3)
Lung Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Lymphatic Diseases (Phase 2)
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic (Phase 4)
Lymphoma (Phase 4)
Lymphoma, AIDS-Related (Phase 2)
Lymphoma, B-Cell (Phase 4)
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone (Phase 2)
Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell (Phase 3)
Lymphoma, Follicular (Phase 3)
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse (Phase 4)
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic (Phase 4)
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic (Phase 4)
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell (Phase 4)
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin (Phase 4)
Lymphoma, Primary Effusion (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Lymphoma, T-Cell (Phase 4)
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral (Phase 4)
Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis (Phase 2)
Lymphoproliferative Disorders (Phase 2)
Mediastinal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Medulloblastoma (Phase 4)
Melanoma (Phase 1)
Mesothelioma (Phase 1)
Mesothelioma, Malignant (Phase 2)
Mucositis (Phase 3)
Multiple Myeloma (Phase 3)
Multiple Sclerosis (Phase 2)
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting (Phase 2)
Mutation (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Myasthenia Gravis (Phase 2)
Mycosis Fungoides (Phase 1)
Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (Phase 3)
Myeloproliferative Disorders (Phase 3)
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Neoadjuvant Therapy (Phase 2)
Neoplasm Metastasis (Phase 3)
Neoplasms ()
Neoplasms by Site (Phase 2)
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal (Phase 4)
Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial (Early Phase 1)
Neoplasms, Plasma Cell (Phase 1)
Neoplasms, Unknown Primary (Phase 3)
Nerve Sheath Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Neuroblastoma (Phase 3)
Neuroectodermal Tumors (Phase 3)
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive (Phase 2)
Neuroendocrine Tumors (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Neurofibromatosis 1 (Phase 2)
Neuromyelitis Optica (Phase 2)
Neutropenia (Phase 3)
N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Oligodendroglioma (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome (Phase 2)
Optic Nerve Glioma (Phase 1)
Organ Transplantation (Phase 2)
Osteosarcoma (Phase 3)
Ovarian Diseases (Phase 2)
Ovarian Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Pancreatic Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Pediatrics (Phase 1)
Peritoneal Neoplasms (Phase 1)
Plasmablastic Lymphoma (Phase 2)
Plasmacytoma (Phase 2)
Polycythemia Vera (Phase 1)
Precancerous Conditions (Phase 2)
Primary Myelofibrosis (Phase 2)
Prognosis (Phase 2)
Progression-Free Survival (Phase 3)
Prostatic Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Radiation Oncology (Phase 2)
Radiosurgery (Phase 2)
Radiotherapy (Phase 2)
Rectal Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Respiratory Tract Diseases (Phase 2)
Respiratory Tract Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Retinal Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Retinoblastoma (Phase 4)
Rhabdoid Tumor (Phase 3)
Rhabdomyosarcoma (Phase 3)
Sarcoma (Phase 3)
Sarcoma, Ewing (Phase 3)
Sarcoma, Kaposi (Phase 3)
Sarcoma, Myeloid (Phase 3)
Seminoma (Phase 3)
Sezary Syndrome (Phase 2)
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (Phase 4)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck (Phase 2)
Stem Cell Transplantation (Phase 1)
Stiff-Person Syndrome (Phase 2)
Stomach Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Survival (Phase 3)
Teratoma (Phase 3)
Testicular Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Thoracic Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Thrombocythemia, Essential (Phase 1)
Thrombocytopenia (Phase 2)
Thymoma (Phase 3)
Thyroid Neoplasms (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Translocation, Genetic (Phase 2)
Transplantation (Phase 1)
Treatment Refusal (Phase 2)
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Ureteral Neoplasms (Phase 1)
Urethral Neoplasms (Phase 1)
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Vasculitis, Central Nervous System (Phase 2)
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (Phase 2)
Wilms Tumor (Phase 3)
| Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
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