Title
Study of Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibody Anti-B1 for the Treatment of B-Cell Lymphomas and Extended Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Coulter Clone® 131Iodine-B1 Radioimmunotherapy of Advanced Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Phase I Study of Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibody Anti-B1 for the Treatment of B-Cell Lymphomas
Phase
Phase 1Lead Sponsor
GlaxoSmithKlineStudy Type
InterventionalStatus
Completed Results PostedIndication/Condition
Lymphoma, Non-HodgkinIntervention/Treatment
tositumomab ...Study Participants
59Phase I/II, single-center, dose-escalation study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, dosimetry, and efficacy of TST/I-131 TST for the treatment of patients with chemotherapy-refractory or resistant low-grade, intermediate-grade, or high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Subjects received 1 to 3 dosimetric doses followed by a therapeutic dose of TST/I-131 TST. Study BEX104526 was a follow-up study of the long-term safety and efficacy data from the surviving patients who completed at least 2 years of follow-up following administration of TST/I 131 TST on Study BEX104728.
Dosimetric dose: Subjects received 1 to 3 dosimetric doses of TST/I-131 TST, followed by a therapeutic dose of TST/I-131 TST. Subjects received various doses of unlabeled TST (0, 95 or 475 mg) to determine the dose of unlabeled TST that optimized the radiation dose delivered to the tumor by TST/I-131 TST. The unlabeled TST was followed by 5 milliCurie (mCi) of I-131 TST. Serial whole body sodium iodide scintillation probe counts were obtained daily, for at least 5 days, in order to determine the rate of whole body clearance of radioactivity (residence time). The residence time was used to determine the radioactive clearance for the subject and the activity (in mCi) of I-131 required to deliver the desired TBD of radiation during the therapeutic dose. Because 475 mg was determined to be the optimal pre-dose of TST in the first subjects entered, the last 34 subjects received a single dosimetric dose that was preceded by an infusion of 475 mg of TST.
Therapeutic dose: Groups of 3-6 subjects were enrolled at successively higher whole-body radiation dose levels beginning at a total body dose (TBD) of 25 centiGray (cGy). The TBD of each subsequent dose level was escalated by 10 cGy. Subjects who had undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT) underwent a separate dose escalation (10 cGy TBD increase per dose level) beginning at a TBD level of 65 cGy. The MTD was defined as the highest dose level at which 0/3 or 1/6 subjects experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). DLT was defined as follows:
Any Grade 4 hematologic toxicity (National Cancer Institute [NCI] criteria) lasting greater than 7 days, or Any Grade 3 hematologic toxicity lasting greater than 2 weeks, or Any Grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicity Redosing. Subjects who achieved tumor regression were considered for re-dosing, using the original therapeutic dose of TST/I-131 TST, at the time the tumor was no longer shrinking in an attempt to upgrade their response.
Retreatment. Subjects who achieved partial (PR) or complete response (CR) were considered for retreatment following relapse of their NHL, if progression occurred ≥6 weeks following the therapeutic dose. The original therapeutic dose of TST/I-131 TST was given unless a grade 2 or greater toxicity had been encountered, in which case a reduced dose was administered for the repeat therapeutic dose.
Phase I/II, single-center, dose-escalation study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, dosimetry, and efficacy of TST/I-131 TST for the treatment of patients with chemotherapy-refractory or resistant low-grade, intermediate-grade, or high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Subjects received 1 to 3 dosimetric doses followed by a therapeutic dose of TST/I-131 TST. Study BEX104526 was a follow-up study of the long-term safety and efficacy data from the surviving patients who completed at least 2 years of follow-up following administration of TST/I 131 TST on Study BEX104728.
Dosimetric dose: Subjects received 1 to 3 dosimetric doses of TST/I-131 TST, followed by a therapeutic dose of TST/I-131 TST. Subjects received various doses of unlabeled TST (0, 95 or 475 mg) to determine the dose of unlabeled TST that optimized the radiation dose delivered to the tumor by TST/I-131 TST. The unlabeled TST was followed by 5 milliCurie (mCi) of I-131 TST. Serial whole body sodium iodide scintillation probe counts were obtained daily, for at least 5 days, in order to determine the rate of whole body clearance of radioactivity (residence time). The residence time was used to determine the radioactive clearance for the subject and the activity (in mCi) of I-131 required to deliver the desired TBD of radiation during the therapeutic dose. Because 475 mg was determined to be the optimal pre-dose of TST in the first subjects entered, the last 34 subjects received a single dosimetric dose that was preceded by an infusion of 475 mg of TST.
Therapeutic dose: Groups of 3-6 subjects were enrolled at successively higher whole-body radiation dose levels beginning at a total body dose (TBD) of 25 centiGray (cGy). The TBD of each subsequent dose level was escalated by 10 cGy. Subjects who had undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT) underwent a separate dose escalation (10 cGy TBD increase per dose level) beginning at a TBD level of 65 cGy. The MTD was defined as the highest dose level at which 0/3 or 1/6 subjects experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT).
DLT was defined as follows:
Any Grade 4 hematologic toxicity (National Cancer Institute [NCI] criteria) lasting greater than 7 days, or Any Grade 3 hematologic toxicity lasting greater than 2 weeks, or Any Grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicity Redosing: Subjects who achieved tumor regression were considered for re-dosing, using the original therapeutic dose of TST/I-131 TST, at the time the tumor was no longer shrinking in an attempt to upgrade their response.
Retreatment: Subjects who achieved a partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) were considered for retreatment following relapse of their NHL, if progression occurred ≥6 weeks following the therapeutic dose. The original therapeutic dose of TST/I-131 TST was given unless a grade 2 or greater toxicity had been encountered, in which case a reduced dose was administered for the repeat therapeutic dose.
Subjects who completed at least 2 years of follow-up in BEX104728 were enrolled in LTFU Study BEX104526 for continued radiographic response evaluations and safety evaluations every 6 months for years 3 through 5 post-treatment and annually for years 6 through 10 post-treatment. Subjects in BEX104526 were assessed for survival and disease status, including subsequent therapy for NHL, and for long-term safety, including the development of hypothyroidism, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and any other secondary malignancies. Additionally, subjects were followed for the development of any adverse event(s) (AEs) deemed by the Principal Investigator as being possibly or probably related to a subject's treatment with TST/I-131 TST. Laboratory evaluations, consisting of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level and complete blood cell count with a differential and platelet count, were obtained annually through year 10 post-treatment.
Study assessments included demographic and baseline characteristics; tumor response, duration of response, survival (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]), adverse events (AEs), incidence of human anti-murine antibody (HAMA), incidence of hypothyroidism, and serious (fatal and non-fatal) adverse events (SAEs).
Dosing;"Dosimetric Doses", Intravenous (IV) administration of unlabeled TST (0, 95 or 475 mg) was administered to determine the dose of unlabeled TST that optimized the radiation dose to the tumor. This was followed by 5 mCi of I-131 TST. Serial whole body sodium iodide scintillation probe counts were obtained daily, for at least 5 days, in order to determine the rate of whole body clearance of radioactivity (residence time). The residence time was used to determine the radioactive clearance from the subject and subsequently the activity (in mCi) of Iodine-131 required to deliver the desired TBD of radiation during the therapeutic dose of TST/I-131 TST. Because 475 mg was determined to be the optimal pre-dose of tositumomab in the first subjects entered, the last 34 subjects received a single dosimetric dose that was preceded by an infusion of 475 mg of tositumomab (Source Data: Listing 13).
"Therapeutic Dose", Groups of 3-6 subjects were treated at successively higher therapeutic whole body radiation doses, beginning at a TBD of 25 cGy. The TBD was escalated in 10 cGy increments in subsequent dose level cohorts until the MTD was achieved. A separate determination of MTD was conducted for subjects who had undergone prior BMT. This was initiated at a TBD of 65 cGy TBD and increased in 10 cGy increments until determination of the MTD. The MTD was defined as the dose at which fewer than 1/3 or 2/6 subjects experienced DLT, i.e. any Grade 4 hematologic toxicity (absolute neutrophil count [ANC], platelets, hemoglobin, white blood count [WBC] lasting > 7 days or any Grade 3 hematologic toxicity lasting > 14 days, as defined in Section 4.1.
Re-Dosing; Subjects who achieved tumor regression were considered for re-dosing, using the original therapeutic dose of TST/I-131 TST, at the time the tumor was no longer shrinking in an attempt to upgrade their response. Patients were not redosed sooner than 6 weeks following a therapeutic dose.
Retreatment (≥6 weeks following therapeutic dose); Subjects who achieved a PR or CR were considered for retreatment following relapse of their NHL. The original therapeutic dose of TST/I-131 TST was given unless a Grade 2 or greater toxicity had been encountered, in which case the dose level immediately below the original dose was administered.
131-I anti-B1 is the product of 131-I labeling of the anti-CD20 murine monoclonal antibody and the anti-B1 antibody itself is an intact IgG2a murine monoclonal antibody which has specificity far the CD20 antigen on human B cells. Anti-B1 is a clear, colorless liquid. 131-I labeling of the anti-B1 antibody will be carried out by iodogen technique. Trace labeling of the antibody will involve the labeling of approximately 1 to 3 mg of antibody with 5 mCi of 131-I.
Each subject will undergo two phases of study. The first phase, termed "tracer Study", involves the injection of low-radioactivity doses (about 5 mCi) of 131-I anti-B1 for the purposes of determining the rate of whole body clearance of radiation so that a whole body radiation can be calculated. The calculated whole-body radiation dose per mCi administered can then be used to determined how many mCi will be required to deliver a specified whole-body radiation dose in the second phase of the study for each patient, termed radio-immunotherapy dose in a tracer-projected whole-body radiation dose will be used for dose escalation with a minimum of three subjects per dose level.
Inclusion Criteria Subjects had histologically-confirmed NHL. Subjects with low-, intermediate-, or high-grade histologies, according to the International Working Formulation. Subjects had relapsed after or had failed to respond to at least 1 prior chemotherapy regimen. Subjects had evidence that their tumor tissue expressed the CD20 antigen. Exclusion Criteria ≥25% bone marrow involvement. Absolute granulocyte count ≥1500 cells/mm3 or platelet count ≤100,000 platelets/mm3. Creatinine ≥2.0 mg/dL, bilirubin ≥2.0 mg/dL. Cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunosuppressants, or cytokine treatment within 4 weeks of study entry. Active infection, collagen vascular disease, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, New York Heart Association class II or IV heart disease and/or serious illness. Prior external beam radiation therapy such that the maximum tolerated dose level for any normal organ would be exceeded by additional irradiation. Pregnancy. Allergy to iodine or previous sensitization to mouse protein as documented by positive anti-mouse antibody ELISA test. Known brain metastases.
| Event Type | Organ System | Event Term | TST and Iodine I 131 TST: Initial Treatment | TST and Iodine I 131 TST: Retreatment |
|---|
Par. (groups of 3-6) received the TD at a total body dose (TBD) of 25 centiGray (cGy) or 65 cGy (par. who had bone marrow transplantation), increasing by 10 cGy increments at each dose level, until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was achieved. The MTD was defined as the highest dose level at which 0/3 or 1/6 par. experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT): any Grade 4 hematologic toxicity (National Cancer Institute criteria) lasting >7 days, any Grade 3 hematologic toxicity lasting >2 weeks, or any Grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicity. Not Applicable (NA) indicates that no par. were re-dosed.
Retreatment was administered to participants either at the initial TD of TST/I 131 TST or at a reduced dose if a >=Grade 2 toxicity had occurred after initial treatment, until the MTD was achieved. The MTD was defined as the highest dose level at which 0/3 or 1/6 participants experienced DLT: any Grade 4 hematologic toxicity (National Cancer Institute criteria) lasting >7 days, any Grade 3 hematologic toxicity lasting >2 weeks, or any Grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicity. Not Applicable (NA) indicates that no participants were re-dosed.
Participants who had prior bone marrow transplantation (BMT) initiated TD at 65 cGy TBD, whereas those who had no prior BMT initiated TD at 25 cGy TBD. The MTD was defined as the highest dose level at which 0/3 or 1/6 par. experienced DLT: any Grade 4 hematologic toxicity (National Cancer Institute criteria) lasting >7 days, any Grade 3 hematologic toxicity lasting >2 weeks, or any Grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicity. Not Applicable (NA) indicates that no par. were re-dosed.
Serial whole body sodium iodide scintillation probe counts were obtained from participants approximately 1 hour after the administration of the dosimetric dose and then daily for at least 5 days. Gamma camera images of participants were used to calculate the amount of radiation that accumulated in the target tumor and normal organs (tumor/organ dosimetry). Spleen volume may vary based on disease status, and volume correction allows for a comparison of spleen dose across participants.
The effect of unlabeled TST pre-treatment on targeting of radioactive TST was evaluated. Serial whole body sodium iodide scintillation probe counts were obtained from participants approximately 1 hour after the administration of the dosimetric dose (DD) and then daily for at least 5 days. Initially, participants received either two or three DDs, each of which was preceded by a pre-dose of unlabeled tositumomab (0, 95, or 475 mg) to determine the dose of unlabeled tositumomab that optimized the radiation dose to tumor. The tumor radiation absorbed dose was determined using gamma camera images.
Par. with response include those with Complete Response (CR: complete resolution of all disease-related radiological abnormalities and the disappearance of all signs and symptoms related to the disease), Clinical Complete Response (CCR: complete resolution of all disease-related symptoms; residual foci, thought to be residual scar tissue, are present), or Partial Response (PR: >=50% reduction in the sum of the products of the longest perpendicular diameters of all measurable lesions; no new lesions).
Responses had to be confirmed by 2 separate evaluations occurring >=4 weeks apart. Par. with confirmed response include those with Complete Response (CR: complete resolution of all disease-related radiological abnormalities and the disappearance of all signs and symptoms related to the disease), Clinical Complete Response (CCR: complete resolution of all disease-related symptoms; residual foci, thought to be residual scar tissue, are present), or Partial Response (PR: >=50% reduction in the sum of the products of the longest perpendicular diameters of all measurable lesions; no new lesions).
Duration of response is defined as the time from the first documented response until disease progression.
Time to progression or progression-free survival is defined as the time from the dosimetric dose to the first documented occurrence of disease progression or death.
Overall survival is defined as the time from the treatment start date to the date of death from any cause.
t1/2 alpha is the estimated initial or alpha phase half-life in a two-compartmental pharmacokinetic model . t1/2 beta is the estimated terminal or beta phase half-life in a two-compartmental pharmacokinetic model; also denoted as t1/2. Half-life measures how long it takes for the concentration of drug in the blood to decrease by half.
Clearance is defined as the volume of blood from which drug is removed per unit time and is a measure of the rate at which drug is removed from the body after the dose.
Area under the concentration-time curve from the end of the infusion extrapolated to infinite time. AUC measures how much drug is in the system over time after infusion. ID, injected dose.
Cmax is defined as the maximum observed concentration of the drug in blood.
Vss is defined as the volume of distribution of the drug at steady state.
Tositumomab is a murine (mouse) antibody (immunoglobulin) of the IgG2a subclass. Participants in this study were evaluated to determine whether they developed an immune response to study treatment, as evident by human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) after administration of tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab. A positive HAMA value indicates that the participant developed human anti-mouse antibodies above the HAMA assay threshold, and a negative HAMA value indicates either the absence or a below threshold level of human anti-mouse antibodies.
Tositumomab is a murine (mouse) antibody (immunoglobulin) of the IgG2a subclass. Participants in this study were evaluated to determine whether they developed an immune response to study treatment, as evident by human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) after administration of tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab. A positive HAMA value indicates that the participant developed human anti-mouse antibodies above the HAMA assay threshold, and a negative HAMA value indicates either the absence or a below threshold level of human anti-mouse antibodies.
An infection is the colonization of a host organism by a parasite species. Infecting parasites seek to use the host's resources to reproduce, often resulting in disease. Specimen samples of the body fluid are cultured for testing whether the infectious organism is present and grown in the culture media to assess the growth pattern of the organisms present in the specimen. The culture results could be positive or negative. The positive culture results indicate that the tested participant has the infection under investigation, in which case therapeutic treatment with anti-infective is required.
Nadir is defined as the lowest laboratory value recorded following the administration of the study medication.
Time to recovery to baseline is the time required for recovery from nadir values to baseline values.
Nadir is defined as the lowest laboratory value recorded following the administration of study medication. ANC is a measure of the number of neutrophil granulocytes present in the blood. Neutrophils are a type of WBC that fights against infection. Platelets and WBCs are types of blood cells.
Nadir is defined as the lowest laboratory value recorded following the administration of study medication. Hemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells.
