Active Ingredient History
Vancomycin is a branched tricyclic glycosylated nonribosomal peptide produced by the fermentation of the Actinobacteria species Amycolatopsis orientalis (formerly Nocardia orientalis). Vancomycin became available for clinical use >50 years ago. It is often reserved as the "drug of last resort", used only after treatment with other antibiotics had failed. Vancomycin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections: Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae (including penicillin-resistant strains), Streptococcus agalactiae, Actinomyces species, and Lactobacillus species. The combination of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside acts synergistically in vitro against many strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus bovis, enterococci, and the viridans group streptococci. The bactericidal action of vancomycin results primarily from inhibition of cell-wall biosynthesis. Specifically, vancomycin prevents the incorporation of N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)- and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-peptide subunits from being incorporated into the peptidoglycan matrix; which forms the major structural component of Gram-positive cell walls. The large hydrophilic molecule is able to form hydrogen bond interactions with the terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine moieties of the NAM/NAG-peptides. Normally this is a five-point interaction. This binding of vancomycin to the D-Ala-D-Ala prevents the incorporation of the NAM/NAG-peptide subunits into the peptidoglycan matrix. In addition, vancomycin alters bacterial-cell-membrane permeability and RNA synthesis. There is no cross-resistance between vancomycin and other antibiotics. Vancomycin is not active in vitro against gram-negative bacilli, mycobacteria, or fungi. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
Endocarditis, Bacterial (approved 1964)
Staphylococcal Infections (approved 1964)
Abscess (Phase 3)
Allergy and Immunology (Phase 4)
Alopecia (Phase 2)
Alopecia Areata (Phase 2)
Anti-Bacterial Agents (Phase 4)
Antibiotic Prophylaxis (Phase 4)
Aortic Valve Disease (Phase 4)
Arthritis (Phase 1)
Arthritis, Infectious (Phase 4)
Arthropathy, Neurogenic (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Arthroplasty (Phase 2)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee (Phase 4)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (Phase 2)
Bacteremia (Phase 4)
Bacterial Infections (Phase 4)
Bile Duct Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Biliary Atresia (Phase 1)
Bone Diseases, Infectious (Phase 4)
Bone Marrow Diseases (Phase 3)
Bone Marrow Transplantation (Phase 4)
Bronchitis (Phase 2)
Burns (Phase 4)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular (Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung (Phase 1)
Cardiopulmonary Bypass (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Phase 4)
Cataract (Phase 4)
Catheter-Related Infections (Phase 4)
Cellulitis (Phase 4)
Cholangitis, Sclerosing (Phase 4)
Clostridioides difficile (Phase 4)
Clostridium (Phase 4)
Clostridium Infections (Phase 4)
Colitis, Ulcerative (Phase 4)
Colorectal Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial (Phase 3)
Constipation (Phase 2)
Coronary Artery Disease (Phase 4)
Craniotomy (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Critical Illness (Phase 1)
Crohn Disease (Phase 4)
Cross Infection (Phase 3)
Cystic Fibrosis (Phase 3)
Deep Brain Stimulation (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Dermatology (Phase 4)
Diabetes Insipidus (Phase 4)
Diabetes Mellitus (Early Phase 1)
Diabetic Foot (Phase 4)
Dialysis (Phase 1)
Diarrhea (Phase 4)
Drug Resistance, Bacterial (Early Phase 1)
Drugs, Investigational (Phase 2)
Endocarditis (Phase 4)
Endocarditis, Bacterial (Phase 2)
Enterocolitis (Phase 4)
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous (Phase 4)
Esophageal Neoplasms (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (Phase 4)
Febrile Neutropenia (Phase 4)
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (Early Phase 1)
Fever (Phase 4)
Fibrosis (Phase 4)
Fidaxomicin (Phase 4)
Fractures, Bone (Phase 4)
Fractures, Open (Phase 4)
Gastrointestinal Diseases (Phase 2)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome (Phase 4)
General Surgery (Phase 4)
Graft vs Host Disease (Phase 2)
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections (Phase 4)
Hamartoma (Phase 1)
Hand Injuries (Phase 1)
Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia (Phase 4)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 1)
Heart Defects, Congenital (Phase 4)
Hematologic Diseases (Phase 4)
Hematologic Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (Phase 3)
Hepatic Encephalopathy (Phase 2)
Immunotherapy (Phase 2)
Implant Capsular Contracture (Phase 3)
Infections (Phase 4)
Inflammation (Phase 3)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Phase 4)
Intellectual Disability (Phase 2)
Intestinal Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Joint Diseases (Phase 4)
Kidney Diseases (Phase 1)
Kidney Failure, Chronic (Phase 4)
Leukemia (Phase 3)
Liver Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Lymphoma (Phase 3)
Melanoma (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Meningitis (Phase 3)
Migraine Disorders (Phase 3)
Multiple Myeloma (Phase 3)
Multiple Sclerosis (Phase 1)
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (Phase 3)
Neonatal Sepsis (Phase 2)
Neoplasm Metastasis (Phase 2)
Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Nephrolithiasis (Phase 4)
Nervous System Diseases (Phase 3)
Neurosurgery (Phase 1)
Neutropenia (Phase 3)
Obesity (Phase 2)
Osteoarthritis (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis, Hip (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Osteomyelitis (Phase 4)
Osteoporosis (Early Phase 1)
Pancreatic Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Peanut Hypersensitivity (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Peripheral Vascular Diseases (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Peritonitis (Phase 4)
Pneumonia (Phase 4)
Pneumonia, Aspiration (Phase 4)
Pneumonia, Bacterial (Phase 3)
Pneumonia, Staphylococcal (Phase 4)
Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated (Phase 4)
Postoperative Complications (Phase 4)
Prediabetic State (Phase 2)
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Prostheses and Implants (Phase 3)
Prosthesis-Related Infections (Phase 4)
Pseudomonas Infections (Phase 3)
Rabies (Phase 4)
Renal Insufficiency (Phase 4)
Respiratory Aspiration (Phase 4)
Respiratory Insufficiency (Early Phase 1)
Respiratory Tract Infections (Phase 2)
Sepsis (Phase 4)
Shoulder Injuries (Phase 4)
Sinusitis (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Skin Diseases (Phase 3)
Skin Diseases, Bacterial (Phase 3)
Skin Diseases, Infectious (Phase 4)
Soft Tissue Infections (Phase 4)
Spinal Cord Injuries (Phase 4)
Spinal Diseases (Phase 4)
Spinal Injuries (Phase 4)
Staphylococcal Infections (Phase 4)
Staphylococcal Skin Infections (Phase 4)
Staphylococcus aureus (Phase 4)
Stomach Neoplasms (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Surgical Wound Infection (Phase 4)
Tibial Fractures (Phase 3)
Ulcer (Phase 2)
Urinary Tract Infections (Phase 4)
Vaccines (Phase 4)
Vancomycin (Phase 4)
Vascular Diseases (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Wound Infection (Phase 4)
Wounds and Injuries (Phase 2)
| Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
|---|
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