Active Ingredient History
Alprazolam, a benzodiazepine, is used to treat panic disorder and anxiety disorder. Unlike chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, and prazepam, alprazolam has a shorter half-life and metabolites with minimal activity. Alprazolam may have significant drug interactions involving the hepatic cytochrome P-450 3A4 isoenzyme. Clinically, all benzodiazepines cause a dose-related central nervous system depressant activity varying from mild impairment of task performance to hypnosis. Unlike other benzodiazepines, alprazolam may also have some antidepressant activity, although clinical evidence of this is lacking. CNS agents of the 1,4 benzodiazepine class presumably exert their effects by binding at stereo specific receptors at several sites within the central nervous system. Their exact mechanism of action is unknown. Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
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| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
Acute Coronary Syndrome (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Acute Disease (Phase 4)
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium (Phase 4)
Alzheimer Disease (Phase 1)
Anesthesia and Analgesia (Phase 4)
Anxiety ()
Anxiety Disorders (Phase 4)
Asthma (Phase 1)
Automobile Driving (Phase 4)
Cannabis (Phase 1)
Conscious Sedation (Phase 4)
Delirium (Phase 4)
Dementia (Phase 3)
Dental Anxiety (Phase 2)
Depression (Phase 3)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Disability Evaluation (Phase 2)
Driving Under the Influence (Phase 1)
Drugs, Investigational (Phase 4)
Epilepsy (Phase 2)
Food-Drug Interactions (Phase 1)
General Surgery (Phase 4)
Genital Diseases, Female (Phase 4)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 4)
Heart Diseases (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Huntington Disease (Phase 1)
Liver Diseases (Phase 1)
Migraine Disorders (Phase 1)
Myocardial Infarction (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Opioid-Related Disorders (Phase 2)
Pain (Phase 2)
Paresis (Phase 2)
Pharmacokinetics (Phase 1)
Phobia, Social (Phase 1)
Postoperative Cognitive Complications (Phase 4)
Psychomotor Agitation (Phase 4)
Psychomotor Disorders (Phase 4)
Psychophysiologic Disorders (Phase 3)
Recreational Drug Use (Phase 1)
Schizophrenia (Phase 3)
Seizures (Phase 3)
Sleep Wake Disorders (Phase 4)
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Stomach Diseases (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Substance Abuse, Oral (Phase 4)
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms (Phase 4)
| Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
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