Active Ingredient History
Propranolol is a nonselective, beta-adrenergic receptor-blocking agent possessing no other autonomic nervous system activity. At dosages greater than required for beta blockade, propranolol also exerts a quinidine-like or anesthetic-like membrane action, which affects the cardiac action potential. Among the factors that may be involved in contributing to the antihypertensive action include: (1) decreased cardiac output, (2) inhibition of renin release by the kidneys, and (3) diminution of tonic sympathetic nerve outflow from vasomotor centers in the brain. Although total peripheral resistance may increase initially, it readjusts to or below the pretreatment level with chronic use of propranolol. Effects of propranolol on plasma volume appear to be minor and somewhat variable. In angina pectoris, propranolol generally reduces the oxygen requirement of the heart at any given level of effort by blocking the catecholamine-induced increases in the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and the velocity and extent of myocardial contraction. Propranolol may increase oxygen requirements by increasing left ventricular fiber length, end diastolic pressure, and systolic ejection period. The net physiologic effect of beta-adrenergic blockade is usually advantageous and is manifested during exercise by delayed onset of pain and increased work capacity. Propranolol exerts its antiarrhythmic effects in concentrations associated with beta-adrenergic blockade, and this appears to be its principal antiarrhythmic mechanism of action. In dosages greater than required for beta blockade, propranolol also exerts a quinidine-like or anesthetic-like membrane action, which affects the cardiac action potential. The significance of the membrane action in the treatment of arrhythmias is uncertain. The mechanism of the anti-migraine effect of propranolol has not been established. Propranolol is indicated in the management of hypertension. It may be used alone or used in combination with other antihypertensive agents, particularly a thiazide diuretic. Also is indicated to decrease angina frequency and increase exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris; for the prophylaxis of common migraine headache. In addition, is used to improve NYHA functional class in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Due to the high penetration across the blood–brain barrier, propranolol causes sleep disturbances such as insomnia and vivid dreams, and nightmares. Dreaming (rapid eye movement sleep, REM) was reduced and increased awakening. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
Combination drugs
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
Angina Pectoris (approved 1987)
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial (approved 1987)
Accidents (Phase 3)
Acute Kidney Injury (Phase 4)
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Adjustment Disorders (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Aggression (Phase 2)
Akathisia, Drug-Induced (Phase 2)
Alcohol Drinking (Phase 2)
Alcoholism (Phase 2)
Alzheimer Disease (Phase 1)
Amylases (Phase 1)
Anemia, Sickle Cell (Phase 2)
Anesthesia and Analgesia (Phase 4)
Antipsychotic Agents (Phase 2)
Anxiety (Phase 2)
Anxiety Disorders (Phase 4)
Aphasia, Primary Progressive (Early Phase 1)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac (Phase 3)
Arteriosclerosis (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Ascites (Phase 4)
Asthma (Phase 4)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (Phase 2)
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases (Phase 1)
Back Pain (Phase 2)
Behavior (Phase 2)
Biliary Tract Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Brain Diseases (Phase 2)
Brain Injuries (Phase 4)
Brain Injuries, Traumatic (Phase 4)
Breast Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Burns (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Cachexia (Phase 2)
Cannabis (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular (Phase 4)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung (Phase 1)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell (Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell (Phase 2)
Cardiovascular Diseases (Phase 3)
Central Nervous System Diseases (Phase 2)
Cerebral Hemorrhage (Phase 3)
Cerebrovascular Disorders (Phase 2)
Cholangiocarcinoma (Phase 2)
Cigarette Smoking (Phase 4)
Cocaine-Related Disorders (Phase 2)
Colorectal Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Conscious Sedation (Phase 3)
Coronary Disease (Phase 3)
COVID-19 (Phase 3)
Craniocerebral Trauma (Phase 2)
Critical Illness (Phase 3)
Death, Sudden, Cardiac (Phase 3)
Dental Anxiety (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Depressive Disorder, Major (Phase 1)
Developmental Disabilities (Phase 2)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 (Phase 2)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (Phase 1)
Diabetic Retinopathy (Phase 1)
Disease Transmission, Infectious (Phase 2)
DNA Damage (Phase 1)
Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase (Phase 1)
Double Outlet Right Ventricle (Phase 1)
Drugs, Generic (Phase 2)
Emotions (Phase 1)
Esophageal and Gastric Varices (Phase 4)
Esophageal Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Essential Tremor (Phase 4)
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms (Phase 1)
Fibromyalgia (Phase 2)
Fibrosis (Phase 4)
Galvanic Skin Response (Phase 1)
Gastritis (Phase 3)
Gastroesophageal Reflux (Phase 4)
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms (Early Phase 1)
General Surgery (Phase 2)
Graves Disease (Phase 4)
Hamartoma (Phase 1)
Headache (Phase 4)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Heart Diseases (Phase 3)
Heart Rate (Phase 1)
Hemangioendothelioma (Phase 4)
Hemangioma (Phase 4)
Hemangioma, Capillary (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Hemangiosarcoma (Phase 2)
Hemorrhage (Phase 4)
Hemorrhagic Stroke (Phase 3)
Hepatic Encephalopathy (Phase 4)
Hydrocortisone (Phase 4)
Hyperalgesia (Phase 4)
Hypertension ()
Hypertension, Portal (Phase 4)
Hyperthyroidism (Phase 4)
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular (Phase 4)
Hypotension (Phase 2)
Hypotension, Orthostatic (Phase 1)
Hypoxia (Early Phase 1)
Ideal Body Weight (Early Phase 1)
Immunologic Factors (Phase 2)
Inflammation (Phase 4)
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (Phase 2)
Intracranial Hemorrhages (Phase 3)
Ischemic Stroke (Phase 2)
Kidney Diseases (Phase 2)
Labor, Obstetric (Phase 3)
Liver Cirrhosis (Phase 4)
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic (Phase 4)
Liver Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Low Back Pain (Phase 2)
Lumbar Vertebrae (Phase 2)
Lung Diseases (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Lymphoma (Phase 1)
Macular Degeneration (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Marfan Syndrome (Phase 2)
Melanoma (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Memory (Phase 1)
Metabolic Syndrome (Early Phase 1)
Migraine with Aura (Phase 3)
Migraine without Aura (Phase 3)
Movement Disorders (Phase 2)
Multiple Myeloma (Phase 2)
Myocardial Infarction (Phase 3)
Myocardial Ischemia (Phase 3)
Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Nervous System Diseases (Phase 2)
Neuroblastoma (Phase 2)
Obesity (Early Phase 1)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Phase 4)
Ocular Physiological Phenomena (Phase 2)
Orthostatic Intolerance (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Ovarian Neoplasms (Phase 1)
Pain (Phase 2)
Pain, Postoperative (Phase 2)
Pancreatic Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Panic Disorder (Phase 2)
Peptic Ulcer (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Peritonitis (Phase 4)
Pharmacokinetics (Phase 1)
Pheochromocytoma (Phase 2)
Phobia, Social (Phase 4)
Physiological Effects of Drugs (Phase 2)
Portal Vein (Phase 3)
Prediabetic State (Early Phase 1)
Pregnancy, Prolonged (Phase 3)
Primary Dysautonomias (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Propranolol (Phase 2)
Prostatic Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Psychological Distress (Phase 4)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive (Phase 1)
Regional Blood Flow (Phase 2)
Respiration, Artificial (Phase 3)
Retinopathy of Prematurity (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Sarcoma (Phase 2)
Sarcoma, Kaposi (Phase 2)
Seasonal Affective Disorder (Phase 2)
Self-Injurious Behavior (Phase 2)
Shoulder Pain (Phase 2)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive (Phase 2)
Smoking Cessation (Phase 3)
Spinal Fusion (Phase 2)
Stomach Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic (Phase 4)
Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute (Phase 2)
Stress, Psychological (Phase 4)
Stroke (Phase 3)
Substance-Related Disorders (Phase 2)
Sympathetic Nervous System (Phase 4)
Syncope (Phase 2)
Syncope, Vasovagal (Phase 4)
Tachycardia (Phase 3)
Tachycardia, Supraventricular (Phase 3)
Tardive Dyskinesia (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic (Phase 3)
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (Phase 2)
Tetralogy of Fallot (Phase 1)
Thrombosis (Phase 3)
Tobacco Use Disorder (Phase 4)
Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Trauma, Nervous System (Phase 2)
Tremor (Phase 4)
Troponin (Phase 4)
Tuberous Sclerosis (Phase 2)
Ureteral Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Urethral Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Vasodilation (Early Phase 1)
Ventricular Fibrillation (Phase 3)
Wounds and Injuries (Phase 4)
| Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
|---|
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