proparacaine (ophthaine) Report issue

Small molecule Approved FDA
AACT ChEMBL DrugBank Drug Central Drugs@FDA KEGG MeSH PubChem

Active Ingredient History

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Proparacaine is a topical anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. It is available as its hydrochloride salt in ophthalmic solutions at a concentration of 0.5%. Proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution is indicated for procedures in which a topical ophthalmic anesthetic is indicated: corneal anesthesia of short duration, e.g. tonometry, gonioscopy, removal of corneal foreign bodies, and for short corneal and conjunctival procedures. Proparacaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses thereby effecting local anesthetic action. More specifically, proparacaine appears to bind or antagonize the function of voltage gated sodium channels. The exact mechanism whereby proparacaine and other local anesthetics influence the permeability of the cell membrane is unknown; however, several studies indicate that local anesthetics may limit sodium ion permeability through the lipid layer of the nerve cell membrane. Proparacaine may alter epithelial sodium channels through interaction with channel protein residues. This limitation prevents the fundamental change necessary for the generation of the action potential.   NCATS

Chemistry

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Pharmacology

Drug Pricing (per unit)

United States

$0.0833 - $1.5747
More Pricing Detail

Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.

Alternative names

2-(diethylamino)ethyl 3-amino-4-propoxybenzoate | 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 3-amino-4-propoxybenzoate monohydrochloride | 3-amino-4-propoxybenzoic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester | ak-taine | alcaine | benzoic acid, 3-amino-4-propoxy-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester | benzoic acid, 3-amino-4-propoxy-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester, monohydrochloride*benzoic acid, 3-amino-4-propoxy-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester, monohydrochloride | chibro-kerakain | kainair | kéracaine | minims proxymetacaine hydrochloride | ocu-caine | ophthaine | ophthetic | paracaine | parcaine | proparacaine | proparacaine hcl | proparacaine hydrochloride | proparacaine, ophthaine | proparakain-pos | proximetacaina | proxymetacaine | proxymetacaine hydrochloride | proxymetacaine monohydrochloride | proxymetacainum | proxymethacaine

Organizations (36)

Research & Development (26)

Organization Org Type FDA approvals Clinical Trials involvement Org ID Force Sort

Marketing (10)

Organization Org Type FDA approvals Clinical Trials involvement Org ID Force Sort

Indications (18)

Approved Indications (1)


 

Pain (approved 1953)

Experimental Indications - Clinical Trial Phases 1-4 (18)


 

Anesthesia, Local (Phase 3)

Anisocoria (Phase 4)

Astigmatism (Phase 4)

Corneal Injuries (Phase 1)

Dacryocystitis (Phase 4)

Epiretinal Membrane (Phase 4)

Hyperopia (Phase 4)

Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases (Phase 4)

Myopia (Phase 4)

Pain (Phase 3)

Refractive Errors (Phase 4)

Retinal Detachment (Phase 4)

Retinal Perforations (Phase 4)

Tracheal Stenosis (Phase 4)

Vision, Ocular (Phase 4)

Vitrectomy (Phase 4)

Vitreous Detachment (Phase 4)

Vitreous Hemorrhage (Phase 4)

Overview

  • Highest Phase: Phase 4
  • # of Trials: 19
  • # of Trial Organizations: 26

Trials by Phase

Trial Phase Start Date Organizations Indications

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