Active Ingredient History
Spironolactone is a synthetic 17-lactone steroid which is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of pharmaceuticals called potassium-sparing diuretics. On its own, spironolactone is only a weak diuretic, but it can be combined with other diuretics. Due to its anti-androgen effect, it can also be used to treat hirsutism, and is a common component in hormone therapy for male-to-female transgendered people. Spironolactone inhibits the effect of aldosterone by competing for intracellular aldosterone receptor in the distal tubule cells. This increases the secretion of water and sodium, while decreasing the excretion of potassium. Spironolactone has a fairly slow onset of action, taking several days to develop and similarly the effect diminishes slowly. Spironolactone is a specific pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone, acting primarily through competitive binding of receptors at the aldosterone-dependent sodium-potassium exchange site in the distal convoluted renal tubule. Spironolactone causes increased amounts of sodium and water to be excreted, while potassium is retained. Spironolactone acts both as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive drug by this mechanism. It may be given alone or with other diuretic agents which act more proximally in the renal tubule. Aldosterone interacts with a cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid receptor to enhance the expression of the Na+, K+-ATPase and the Na+ channel involved in a Na+ K+ transport in the distal tubule . Spironolactone bind to this mineralcorticoid receptor, blocking the actions of aldosterone on gene expression. Aldosterone is a hormone; its primary function is to retain sodium and excrete potassium in the kidneys. Spironolactone is used primarily to treat low-renin hypertension, hypokalemia, and Conn's syndrome. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
Combination drugs
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
Adrenal Gland Diseases (approved 1960)
Acanthosis Nigricans (Phase 2)
Acne Vulgaris (Phase 4)
Acute Kidney Injury (Phase 3)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (Phase 2)
Albuminuria (Phase 2)
Alcoholism (Phase 4)
Alopecia (Phase 4)
Alzheimer Disease (Phase 4)
Anesthesia and Analgesia (Phase 3)
Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular (Phase 3)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac (Phase 4)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid (Phase 3)
Ascites (Phase 4)
Atherosclerosis (Phase 4)
Atrial Fibrillation (Phase 4)
Blood Pressure (Phase 4)
Breast Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular (Phase 3)
Cardiomyopathies (Phase 4)
Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic (Phase 4)
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated (Phase 3)
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic (Phase 4)
Cardio-Renal Syndrome (Phase 4)
Cardiotoxicity (Phase 4)
Cardiovascular Diseases (Phase 4)
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Cerebral Hemorrhage (Phase 2)
Cognitive Dysfunction (Phase 4)
Coronary Disease (Phase 2)
Coronavirus Infections (Phase 3)
Cortisone (Phase 2)
COVID-19 (Phase 3)
Critical Illness (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Cyclosteroids (Phase 2)
Dermatology (Phase 2)
Diabetes Mellitus (Phase 4)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (Phase 4)
Diabetic Nephropathies (Phase 4)
Diabetic Retinopathy (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Drug Interactions (Phase 1)
Dry Eye Syndromes (Early Phase 1)
Endomyocardial Fibrosis (Phase 4)
Essential Hypertension (Phase 2)
Fatty Liver (Phase 2)
Fibrosis (Phase 4)
Gender Dysphoria (Phase 1)
Glomerulonephritis (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Glucocorticoids (Phase 2)
Glucose Intolerance (Phase 3)
Hair (Phase 2)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 4)
Heart Defects, Congenital (Phase 2)
Heart Diseases (Phase 3)
Heart Failure, Diastolic (Phase 4)
Heart Failure, Systolic (Phase 4)
Heart Ventricles (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Phase 4)
HIV (Phase 1)
HIV Infections (Phase 4)
Hyperaldosteronism (Phase 4)
Hyperandrogenism (Early Phase 1)
Hyperkalemia (Phase 4)
Hypertension ()
Hypertension, Portal (Phase 4)
Hypertension, Pulmonary (Phase 4)
Hypoglycemia (Phase 4)
Infections (Phase 4)
Ischemic Stroke (Phase 2)
Kidney Diseases (Phase 4)
Kidney Failure, Chronic (Phase 4)
Kidney Transplantation (Phase 4)
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Liver Cirrhosis (Phase 4)
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic (Phase 4)
Liver Transplantation (Phase 4)
Lung Diseases (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Lymphoma (Phase 2)
Macular Degeneration (Phase 2)
Melanosis (Phase 1)
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne (Phase 3)
Myocardial Infarction (Phase 3)
Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Neuroblastoma (Phase 2)
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction (Phase 3)
Osteoarthritis, Knee (Phase 4)
Ovulation (Early Phase 1)
Periodontal Pocket (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Peripheral Arterial Disease (Phase 4)
Peritoneal Dialysis (Phase 4)
Pneumonia, Viral (Phase 3)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Proteinuria (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Puberty (Early Phase 1)
Puberty, Precocious (Phase 2)
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (Phase 4)
Renal Dialysis (Phase 4)
Renal Insufficiency (Phase 4)
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic (Phase 4)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Phase 4)
Sarcoma (Phase 2)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Phase 2)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive (Phase 4)
Spironolactone (Phase 2)
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Phase 3)
Steroids (Phase 2)
Stroke (Phase 4)
Thoracic Surgery (Phase 3)
Transgender Persons (Phase 1)
Transsexualism (Phase 3)
Vascular Calcification (Phase 3)
Vascular Stiffness (Phase 4)
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left (Phase 4)
| Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
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