Active Ingredient History
Metformin is the most widely used drug to treat type 2 diabetes, and is one of only two oral antidiabetic drugs on the World Health Organization (WHO) list of essential medicines. Metformin is an antihyperglycemic agent which improves glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes, lowering both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. However, we still do not completely understand its mechanisms of action. The main effect of this drug from the biguanide family is to acutely decrease hepatic glucose production, mostly through a mild and transient inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. In addition, the resulting decrease in hepatic energy status activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), a cellular metabolic sensor, providing a generally accepted mechanism for the action of metformin on hepatic gluconeogenesis. The use of metformin, the most commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes, was repeatedly associated with the decreased risk of the occurrence of various types of cancers, especially of pancreas and colon and hepatocellular carcinoma. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
Combination drugs
Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
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Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
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Achilles Tendon (Phase 1)
Acne Vulgaris (Phase 4)
Acute Coronary Syndrome (Phase 4)
Acute Kidney Injury (Phase 2)
Adult Children (Phase 2)
Aging (Phase 3)
Alopecia Areata (Phase 1)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Phase 2)
Anemia, Sickle Cell (Phase 1)
Angina, Unstable (Phase 4)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries (Phase 2)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Art (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Arthritis (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid (Phase 2)
Atrial Fibrillation (Phase 4)
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (Phase 2)
Bariatric Surgery (Phase 4)
Berberine (Phase 4)
Biomarkers (Early Phase 1)
Blood Glucose (Phase 4)
Body Weight (Phase 1)
Bone Diseases (Phase 3)
Brain Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Breast Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Burns (Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular (Phase 2)
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid (Phase 1)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung (Phase 3)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell (Phase 2)
Cardiovascular Diseases (Phase 1)
Cerebral Palsy (Phase 2)
Chronic Disease (Phase 3)
Chronic Pain (Phase 1)
Chronic Periodontitis (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Codeine (Phase 1)
Cognition Disorders (Phase 3)
Cognitive Dysfunction (Phase 4)
Colitis, Ulcerative (Phase 2)
Colonic Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Colorectal Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Coronary Artery Disease (Phase 4)
Coronary Disease (Phase 3)
COVID-19 (Phase 3)
Cystic Fibrosis (Phase 2)
Deficiency Diseases (Phase 4)
Dementia, Vascular (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Dengue (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Depression (Phase 4)
Depressive Disorder, Major (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Developmental Disabilities (Phase 4)
Diabetes Complications (Phase 4)
Diabetes, Gestational (Phase 4)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 (Phase 4)
Diabetic Foot (Phase 2)
Diabetic Nephropathies (Phase 2)
Diabetic Neuropathies (Phase 1)
Diagnostic Self Evaluation (Phase 1)
Diet Therapy (Early Phase 1)
Drug Evaluation (Phase 4)
Drug Interactions (Phase 1)
Drugs, Generic (Phase 1)
Drugs, Investigational (Phase 4)
Drug Therapy (Phase 4)
Dyslipidemias (Phase 3)
Endocrine System Diseases (Phase 4)
Endometrial Hyperplasia (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Endometrial Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (Phase 2)
Endothelial Cells (Phase 1)
Epilepsy (Phase 3)
Erythrocytes, Abnormal (Phase 2)
Esophageal Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Phase 2)
Fanconi Anemia (Phase 2)
Fasting (Phase 1)
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic (Phase 3)
Female (Phase 3)
Fibromyalgia (Phase 2)
Fractures, Bone (Phase 4)
Fragile X Syndrome (Phase 4)
Frailty (Phase 3)
Frontotemporal Dementia (Phase 2)
Genetic Diseases, X-Linked (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Glaucoma (Phase 3)
Glioblastoma (Phase 2)
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Glucocorticoids (Phase 4)
Glucose Intolerance (Phase 4)
Glucose Metabolism Disorders (Phase 4)
Glucose Tolerance Test (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Glycemic Control (Phase 4)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 1)
Heart Diseases (Phase 4)
Heart Failure (Phase 4)
Heart Failure, Diastolic (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Phase 3)
HIV Infections (Phase 4)
HIV Seropositivity (Phase 2)
Huntington Disease (Phase 3)
Hyperandrogenism (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Hyperglycemia (Phase 4)
Hyperlactatemia (Phase 4)
Hyperlipidemias (Phase 1)
Hypertension (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Hypertension, Pulmonary (Phase 2)
Hypoglycemic Agents (Phase 4)
Hypothyroidism (Phase 4)
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain (Phase 1)
Immunosenescence (Phase 2)
Infertility (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Infertility, Female (Phase 4)
Infertility, Male (Phase 2)
Inflammation (Phase 2)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Phase 2)
Insulin Resistance (Phase 4)
Intellectual Disability (Phase 4)
Intermittent Claudication (Phase 3)
Intestinal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Ischemic Stroke (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Kidney Diseases (Phase 4)
Kidney Failure, Chronic (Phase 2)
Kidney Transplantation (Phase 2)
Larynx (Early Phase 1)
Leprosy (Phase 2)
Leprosy, Multibacillary (Phase 2)
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute (Phase 2)
Leukoplakia (Phase 1)
Leukoplakia, Oral (Phase 2)
Lip (Early Phase 1)
Lipid Metabolism Disorders (Phase 1)
Liver Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Low Back Pain (Phase 2)
Lung Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic (Phase 2)
Lupus Nephritis (Phase 4)
Lymphoma, Follicular (Phase 2)
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse (Phase 2)
Malaria (Phase 1)
Medulloblastoma (Phase 3)
Melanoma (Phase 2)
Melanosis (Phase 4)
Menstruation Disturbances (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Mental Retardation, X-Linked (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Metabolic Diseases (Phase 4)
Metabolic Syndrome (Phase 4)
Metabolism (Early Phase 1)
Metformin (Phase 4)
Mitochondria (Phase 3)
Mouth (Early Phase 1)
Mouth Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Multiple Myeloma (Phase 1)
Multiple Sclerosis (Phase 2)
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive (Phase 2)
Muscle Spasticity (Phase 2)
Muscle Weakness (Early Phase 1)
Muscular Atrophy (Early Phase 1)
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (Phase 2)
Myocardial Infarction (Phase 3)
Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Nephritis, Hereditary (Phase 4)
Neurobehavioral Manifestations (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Phase 4)
Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction (Phase 3)
Nutrition Disorders (Early Phase 1)
Obesity (Phase 4)
Obesity, Abdominal (Phase 2)
Obesity, Morbid (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Obstetric Labor, Premature (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Organic Cation Transporter 1 (Phase 1)
Osteoarthritis (Phase 2)
Osteoarthritis, Knee (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Osteosarcoma (Phase 2)
Ovarian Neoplasms (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Overweight (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Ovulation (Phase 4)
Pancreatic Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Parkinson Disease (Phase 2)
Pediatric Obesity (Phase 4)
Peri-Implantitis (Phase 4)
Perinatal Care (Phase 3)
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (Phase 2)
Pharmacokinetics (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Pharynx (Early Phase 1)
Pioglitazone (Early Phase 1)
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (Phase 4)
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant (Phase 3)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Phase 4)
Postoperative Complications (Phase 1)
Prediabetic State (Phase 4)
Pre-Eclampsia (Phase 3)
Pregnancy Complications (Phase 4)
Pregnancy in Diabetics (Phase 4)
Preleukemia (Phase 2)
Premature Birth (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (Phase 1)
Progesterone (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Prostatic Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Proteinuria (Phase 4)
Psoriasis (Phase 4)
Puerperal Disorders (Phase 3)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive (Early Phase 1)
Quality of Life (Phase 4)
Racism (Phase 4)
Renal Insufficiency (Phase 4)
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic (Phase 3)
Reperfusion Injury (Phase 3)
Retinal Degeneration (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Retinal Diseases (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Retinal Dystrophies (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary (Phase 2)
Sarcoma, Ewing (Phase 2)
Sarcoma, Myeloid (Phase 2)
SARS-CoV-2 (Phase 2)
Schizophrenia (Phase 4)
Sepsis (Phase 3)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Sex Chromosome Disorders (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Shock, Septic (Phase 2)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (Phase 2)
Smoking (Phase 2)
Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (Phase 2)
Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors (Phase 2)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck (Phase 2)
Stargardt Disease (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Steatitis (Phase 2/Phase 3)
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Phase 3)
Stomach Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Stroke (Phase 2)
Tendinopathy (Phase 1)
Therapeutic Equivalency (Phase 1)
Thiamine Deficiency (Phase 4)
Thoracic Neoplasms (Early Phase 1)
Thrombocytopenia (Phase 2)
Thyroid Gland (Phase 2)
Thyroid Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Tropical Medicine (Phase 2)
Tuberculosis (Phase 2)
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary (Phase 2)
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Vaccines (Phase 1)
Vascular Calcification (Phase 3)
Vascular Stiffness (Phase 4)
Virus Diseases (Phase 2)
Vision Disorders (Phase 2)
Vitamin D Deficiency (Phase 4)
Vitiligo (Phase 2)
Volunteers (Phase 1)
Weight Gain (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Yellow Fever (Phase 2)
Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
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Data collection and curation is an ongoing process for CDEK - if you notice any information here to be missing or incorrect, please let us know! When possible, please include a source URL (we verify all data prior to inclusion).
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