Active Ingredient History
Bupivacaine is a widely used local anesthetic agent. Bupivacaine is often administered by spinal injection prior to total hip arthroplasty. It is also commonly injected into surgical wound sites to reduce pain for up to 20 hours after surgery. In comparison to other local anesthetics it has a long duration of action. It is also the most toxic to the heart when administered in large doses. Bupivacaine blocks the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. Bupivacaine binds to the intracellular portion of sodium channels and blocks sodium influx into nerve cells, which prevents depolarization. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. The analgesic effects of bupivicaine are thought to potentially be due to its binding to the prostaglandin E2 receptors, subtype EP1 (PGE2EP1), which inhibits the production of prostaglandins, thereby reducing fever, inflammation, and hyperalgesia. Bupivacaine sometimes used in combination with epinephrine to prevent systemic absorption and extend the duration of action. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
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Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
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Pain (approved 2011)
Abdominoplasty (Phase 3)
Acute Pain (Phase 4)
Adenomyosis (Early Phase 1)
Adolescent (Phase 4)
Amputation, Surgical (Phase 4)
Analgesia (Phase 4)
Analgesics (Phase 4)
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic (Phase 4)
Analgesics, Opioid (Phase 4)
Anesthesia (Phase 4)
Anesthesia and Analgesia (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Caudal (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Conduction (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Epidural (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Local (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Obstetrical (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Spinal (Phase 4)
Anesthetics, Local (Phase 4)
Ankle Fractures (Phase 4)
Ankle Injuries (Phase 4)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries (Phase 4)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal (Phase 4)
Aortic Diseases (Phase 4)
Appendicitis (Phase 4)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac (Phase 4)
Arthritis (Phase 4)
Arthritis, Juvenile (Phase 4)
Arthropathy, Neurogenic (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee (Phase 4)
Arthroscopy (Phase 4)
Atrial Fibrillation (Phase 4)
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases (Phase 2)
Back Pain (Phase 4)
Balanitis (Phase 2)
Bariatric Surgery (Phase 2)
Bile Duct Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Blepharoptosis (Phase 2)
Blood Loss, Surgical (Phase 4)
Body Mass Index (Phase 4)
Brachial Plexus Block (Phase 4)
Breast (Phase 3)
Breast Diseases (Phase 4)
Breast Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Bunion (Phase 4)
Bupivacaine (Phase 4)
Burns (Phase 4)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung (Phase 3)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Phase 4)
Cervix Uteri (Phase 4)
Cesarean Section (Phase 4)
Chest Pain (Phase 4)
Child (Phase 4)
Chronic Pain (Phase 4)
Cleft Palate (Phase 3)
Cluster Headache (Phase 2)
Cognitive Dysfunction (Phase 4)
Colectomy (Phase 4)
Colorectal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Colorectal Surgery (Phase 4)
Constriction, Pathologic (Phase 4)
Contracture (Phase 2)
Coronary Artery Disease (Phase 3)
Coronary Stenosis (Phase 3)
Cough (Phase 3)
COVID-19 (Phase 1)
CREST Syndrome (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Crohn Disease (Phase 4)
Cryptorchidism (Phase 4)
Cystitis, Interstitial (Phase 4)
Delirium (Early Phase 1)
Depressive Disorder, Major (Phase 4)
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant (Phase 4)
Dexamethasone (Phase 4)
Dexmedetomidine (Phase 4)
Digestive System Diseases (Phase 4)
Dysphonia (Early Phase 1)
Dystonia (Early Phase 1)
Economics (Phase 4)
Electroencephalography (Phase 4)
Emergence Delirium (Phase 1)
Emergency Service, Hospital (Phase 2)
Epiretinal Membrane (Phase 4)
Facial Pain (Phase 4)
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (Phase 4)
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic (Phase 1)
Femoracetabular Impingement (Phase 4)
Femoral Fractures (Phase 2)
Femoral Neck Fractures (Phase 4)
Fibromyalgia (Phase 4)
Foot (Phase 3)
Fractures, Bone (Phase 4)
Gastrointestinal Diseases (Phase 4)
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Gender Dysphoria (Phase 3)
General Surgery (Phase 4)
Genital Neoplasms, Female (Phase 3)
Hallux Valgus (Phase 3)
Hamartoma (Phase 4)
Hand Strength (Phase 4)
Headache (Phase 4)
Headache Disorders, Primary (Phase 2)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 1)
Heart Diseases (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Heart Failure (Phase 2)
Hemodynamics (Phase 4)
Hemorrhoidectomy (Phase 2)
Hemorrhoids (Early Phase 1)
Hernia, Hiatal (Phase 4)
Hernia, Inguinal (Phase 4)
Hernia, Umbilical (Phase 4)
Hernia, Ventral (Phase 3)
Herniorrhaphy (Phase 1)
Hip Fractures (Phase 4)
Hip Injuries (Phase 3)
Hot Flashes (Phase 4)
Hypospadias (Phase 4)
Hypotension (Phase 4)
Hysterectomy (Phase 4)
Hysterectomy, Vaginal (Phase 4)
Incidence (Phase 4)
Infertility, Male (Phase 4)
Inflammation (Phase 4)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Phase 4)
Infratentorial Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (Phase 4)
Intestinal Diseases (Phase 4)
Joint Diseases (Phase 4)
Kidney Calculi (Phase 3)
Kidney Diseases (Phase 4)
Kidney Failure, Chronic (Phase 4)
Kidney Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Knee (Phase 2)
Knee Injuries (Phase 4)
Labor, Obstetric (Phase 1)
Labor Pain (Phase 4)
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases (Phase 2)
Laparoscopy (Phase 4)
Laparotomy (Phase 4)
Leiomyoma (Phase 4)
Length of Stay (Phase 4)
Ligaments (Phase 4)
Ligaments, Articular (Phase 4)
Low Back Pain (Phase 4)
Lumbar Vertebrae (Phase 4)
Lung Diseases (Phase 4)
Lung Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Lymph Node Excision (Phase 4)
Lymphoma (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Mammaplasty (Phase 4)
Mastectomy (Phase 4)
Mastectomy, Modified Radical (Phase 4)
Mastodynia (Phase 4)
Maternal Health (Phase 4)
Meningioma (Phase 4)
Metatarsus (Phase 3)
Midazolam (Early Phase 1)
Migraine Disorders (Phase 3)
Mitral Valve Insufficiency (Phase 3)
Morphine (Phase 4)
Musculoskeletal Diseases (Phase 2)
Musculoskeletal Pain (Phase 4)
Myofascial Pain Syndromes (Phase 4)
Myofascial Release Therapy (Phase 4)
Myoma (Phase 4)
Narcotics (Phase 4)
Nasal Septal Perforation (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Nasal Surgical Procedures (Phase 4)
Nausea (Phase 4)
Neck Pain (Phase 4)
Neoplasm Metastasis (Phase 4)
Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage (Phase 2)
Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous (Phase 4)
Nerve Block (Phase 4)
Neuralgia (Phase 4)
Neuralgia, Postherpetic (Phase 1)
Obesity, Morbid (Phase 4)
Only Child (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Opioid-Related Disorders (Phase 4)
Orchiectomy (Phase 4)
Orthognathic Surgery (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis, Hip (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis, Knee (Phase 4)
Outpatients (Phase 4)
Ovarian Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Pain (Phase 4)
Pain Management (Phase 4)
Pain, Postoperative (Phase 4)
Pain, Referred (Phase 2)
Pancreatic Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Pancreatitis, Chronic (Early Phase 1)
Paralysis (Phase 4)
Paraphimosis (Phase 2)
Parathyroid Neoplasms (Early Phase 1)
Paroxysmal Hemicrania (Phase 2)
Patient Satisfaction (Phase 4)
Pediatrics (Phase 4)
Pelvic Organ Prolapse (Phase 4)
Penis (Phase 4)
Peripheral Arterial Disease (Phase 4)
Peripheral Nerve Injuries (Phase 1)
Peripheral Nervous System Agents (Phase 4)
Peripheral Vascular Diseases (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Pharmacokinetics (Phase 4)
Phimosis (Phase 2)
Physiological Effects of Drugs (Phase 4)
Pneumonia (Phase 4)
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (Phase 1)
Postoperative Complications (Phase 4)
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (Phase 4)
Post-Traumatic Headache (Phase 1)
Pregnancy Complications (Phase 4)
Primary Dysautonomias (Phase 1)
Prostatic Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Pruritus (Phase 4)
Pulpitis (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Quality of Life (Phase 4)
Radiculopathy (Phase 4)
Raynaud Disease (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Rectal Diseases (Phase 4)
Rectal Fistula (Early Phase 1)
Rectal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Renal Colic (Phase 4)
Respiratory Insufficiency (Phase 1)
Retinal Detachment (Phase 4)
Retinal Perforations (Phase 4)
Return to Work (Phase 4)
Rhinoplasty (Phase 3)
Rib Fractures (Phase 4)
Ribs (Phase 4)
Robotic Surgical Procedures (Phase 3)
Rotator Cuff Injuries (Phase 4)
Sarcoma (Early Phase 1)
Sciatic Neuropathy (Phase 4)
Scleroderma, Diffuse (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Scoliosis (Phase 4)
Sexual Behavior (Phase 4)
Shoulder Fractures (Phase 4)
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (Phase 4)
Shoulder Injuries (Phase 4)
Shoulder Pain (Phase 4)
Shy-Drager Syndrome (Phase 1)
Sinusitis (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Soft Tissue Injuries (Phase 2)
Spinal Fusion (Early Phase 1)
Spinal Injuries (Phase 4)
Spinal Stenosis (Phase 4)
Spine (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Spondylolisthesis (Phase 4)
Spondylolysis (Phase 4)
Spondylosis (Phase 4)
Sternotomy (Phase 4)
Strabismus (Phase 4)
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic (Phase 4)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (Phase 1)
Surgical Wound (Phase 4)
Synovial Cyst (Phase 4)
Tendinopathy (Phase 4)
Tennis Elbow (Phase 4)
Testicular Hydrocele (Phase 4)
Thoracic Diseases (Phase 3)
Thoracic Injuries (Phase 4)
Thoracic Surgery (Phase 4)
Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted (Phase 3)
Thyroid Diseases (Phase 2)
Thyroid Gland (Phase 2)
Thyroid Nodule (Phase 2)
Tonsillectomy (Phase 4)
Tonsillitis (Phase 4)
Tooth, Impacted (Phase 4)
Traumatology (Phase 4)
Tremor (Early Phase 1)
Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency (Phase 3)
Tuberculosis (Phase 4)
Ultrasonography (Phase 4)
Upper Extremity (Phase 4)
Urethral Stricture (Phase 4)
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms (Early Phase 1)
Urinary Incontinence, Stress (Phase 4)
Urologic Diseases (Phase 4)
Uterine Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Uterine Prolapse (Phase 4)
Uterus (Phase 2)
Vascular Surgical Procedures (Phase 3)
Visceral Pain (Phase 3)
Vision, Ocular (Phase 4)
Vitrectomy (Phase 4)
Vitreous Detachment (Phase 4)
Vitreous Hemorrhage (Phase 4)
Voice Disorders (Phase 4)
Wounds and Injuries (Phase 4)
Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
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