Active Ingredient History
Clonidine is a centrally acting α2 adrenergic agonist and imidazoline receptor agonist used to treat high blood pressure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, tic disorders, withdrawal (from either alcohol, opioids, or smoking), migraine, menopausal flushing, diarrhea, and certain pain conditions. Clonidine treats high blood pressure by stimulating α2 receptors in the brain, which decreases peripheral vascular resistance, lowering blood pressure. It has specificity towards the presynaptic α2 receptors in the vasomotor center in the brainstem. This binding decreases presynaptic calcium levels, thus inhibiting the release of norepinephrine (NE). It has also been proposed that the antihypertensive effect of clonidine is due to agonism on the I1 receptor (imidazoline receptor), which mediates the sympatho-inhibitory actions of imidazolines to lower blood pressure. Clonidines mechanism of action in the treatment of ADHD is to increase noradrenergic tone in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) directly by binding to postsynaptic α2A adrenergic receptors and indirectly by increasing norepinephrine input from the locus coeruleus. Clonidine indicated in the treatment of hypertension. Clonidine hydrochloride tablets may be employed alone or concomitantly with other antihypertensive agents. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved clonidine for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), under the trade name of Kapvay alone or with stimulants in 2010, for pediatric patients aged 6–17 years. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
Combination drugs
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
Acetabularia (Phase 4)
Acute Coronary Syndrome (Phase 4)
Acute Pain (Phase 4)
Amphetamine-Related Disorders (Phase 1)
Analgesia (Phase 4)
Analgesics, Opioid (Phase 4)
Anaplasia (Phase 4)
Anemia, Sickle Cell (Phase 4)
Anesthesia (Phase 4)
Anesthesia and Analgesia (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Anesthesia, Epidural (Phase 3)
Anesthesia, Local (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Spinal (Phase 4)
Ankle Fractures (Phase 4)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries (Phase 4)
Anxiety (Phase 4)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac (Phase 2)
Arterial Occlusive Diseases (Phase 4)
Arthropathy, Neurogenic (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee (Phase 4)
Arthroscopy (Phase 4)
Ataxia Telangiectasia (Phase 4)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (Phase 2)
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases (Phase 1)
Behavior (Phase 3)
Bile Acids and Salts (Phase 3)
Bipolar Disorder (Phase 4)
Blood Loss, Surgical (Phase 3)
Blood Pressure (Phase 1)
Brain Injuries (Phase 2)
Brain Injuries, Traumatic (Phase 2)
Breast Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Bundle-Branch Block (Phase 2)
Burns (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Cardiovascular Diseases (Phase 4)
Catatonia (Phase 4)
Cholesteatoma (Phase 2)
Chromosome Aberrations (Phase 3)
Circumcision, Male (Early Phase 1)
Clubfoot (Phase 4)
Cocaine-Related Disorders (Phase 1)
Cochlear Implants (Phase 2)
Cognitive Dysfunction (Phase 4)
Conscious Sedation (Phase 4)
Coronary Vasospasm (Phase 2)
Craniocerebral Trauma (Phase 2)
Critical Illness (Phase 4)
Deep Sedation (Phase 4)
Delirium (Phase 4)
Depressive Disorder, Major (Phase 4)
Diabetes Mellitus (Phase 3)
Diabetic Nephropathies (Phase 4)
Diabetic Neuropathies (Phase 3)
Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase (Phase 1)
Emergence Delirium (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Endometriosis (Phase 4)
Exostoses (Phase 4)
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic (Phase 2)
Fecal Incontinence (Phase 3)
Femoracetabular Impingement (Phase 4)
Finger Injuries (Phase 4)
Flatfoot (Phase 4)
Foot (Phase 4)
Fractures, Bone (Early Phase 1)
Fractures, Closed (Phase 4)
Frailty (Phase 4)
General Surgery (Phase 4)
Growth and Development (Phase 4)
Growth Hormone (Phase 3)
Hand Deformities, Congenital (Phase 4)
Hand Injuries (Phase 4)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 2)
Heart Diseases (Phase 4)
Heart Failure (Phase 4)
Hemodynamics (Phase 4)
Hepatitis C (Phase 1)
Hernia, Inguinal (Phase 4)
Heroin Dependence (Phase 1)
Hip Dislocation (Phase 4)
HIV Infections (Phase 2)
Hot Flashes (Phase 2)
Hyperemesis Gravidarum (Phase 3)
Hyperglycemia (Phase 4)
Hypertension ()
Hypotension, Orthostatic (Phase 1)
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Infant, Newborn (Phase 4)
Infant, Premature, Diseases (Phase 4)
Inflammation (Phase 4)
Insulin Resistance (Phase 1)
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (Phase 4)
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction (Phase 4)
Ischemic Stroke (Phase 3)
Joint Diseases (Phase 4)
Knee Injuries (Phase 4)
Labor, Obstetric (Phase 4)
Labor Pain (Phase 4)
Latency Period, Psychological (Phase 2)
Low Back Pain (Phase 3)
Lumbar Vertebrae (Phase 4)
Malaria, Falciparum (Phase 2)
Marijuana Abuse (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Mastoidectomy (Phase 2)
Mood Disorders (Phase 1)
Motor Activity (Phase 2)
Mucositis (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Musculoskeletal Diseases (Phase 2)
Nausea (Phase 4)
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (Phase 4)
Neoplasm Metastasis (Phase 3)
Neoplasms (Early Phase 1)
Neoplasms, Second Primary (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Nerve Block (Phase 4)
Neuralgia (Phase 2)
Neurodegenerative Diseases (Early Phase 1)
Obesity (Phase 2)
Ocular Physiological Phenomena (Phase 4)
Opioid-Related Disorders (Phase 4)
Orthostatic Intolerance (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Osteoarthritis (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis, Hip (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis, Knee (Phase 4)
Osteomyelitis (Phase 4)
Pain (Phase 4)
Pain Management (Phase 4)
Pain, Postoperative (Phase 4)
Pain, Procedural (Phase 4)
Parkinson Disease (Phase 2)
Pediatrics (Phase 4)
Peripheral Nerve Injuries (Phase 2)
Pharmacology (Phase 1)
Physiology (Phase 4)
Polycystic Kidney Diseases (Phase 3)
Polydactyly (Phase 4)
Postoperative Complications (Phase 3)
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (Phase 3)
Pre-Eclampsia (Phase 4)
Pregnancy Complications (Phase 3)
Prehypertension (Phase 2)
Proteinuria (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Pruritus (Phase 1)
Psychomotor Agitation (Phase 4)
Pulpitis (Phase 4)
Radiculopathy (Phase 4)
Regional Blood Flow (Phase 4)
Respiration (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Respiration, Artificial (Phase 4)
Retinopathy of Prematurity (Phase 4)
Scoliosis (Phase 3)
Seizures (Phase 4)
Shivering (Phase 4)
Shock, Septic (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Sialorrhea (Phase 2)
Sleep (Phase 3)
Soft Tissue Injuries (Phase 2)
Spinal Injuries (Phase 4)
Spinal Stenosis (Phase 4)
Spondylolisthesis (Phase 4)
Spondylosis (Phase 4)
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Phase 4)
Sternotomy (Phase 4)
Stomatitis (Phase 2)
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic (Phase 3)
Substance-Related Disorders (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome (Phase 4)
Syndactyly (Phase 4)
Synovial Cyst (Phase 4)
Tachycardia (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Talipes (Phase 4)
Tarsal Coalition (Phase 4)
Testicular Hydrocele (Phase 2)
Thumb (Phase 4)
Tic Disorders (Phase 4)
Toes (Phase 4)
Tourette Syndrome (Phase 4)
Trauma, Nervous System (Phase 2)
Trigger Finger Disorder (Phase 4)
Vascular Stiffness (Early Phase 1)
Ventilators, Mechanical (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Vomiting (Phase 4)
| Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
|---|
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