Active Ingredient History
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Ibuprofen has pharmacologic actions similar to those of other prototypical NSAIAs, which are thought to act through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. It’s used temporarily relieves minor aches and pains due to: headache; the common cold; muscular aches; backache; toothache; minor pain of arthritis; menstrual cramps and temporarily reduces fever. The exact mechanism of action of ibuprofen is unknown. Ibuprofen is a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, an enzyme invovled in prostaglandin synthesis via the arachidonic acid pathway. Its pharmacological effects are believed to be due to inhibition cylooxygenase-2 (COX-2) which decreases the synthesis of prostaglandins involved in mediating inflammation, pain, fever and swelling. Antipyretic effects may be due to action on the hypothalamus, resulting in an increased peripheral blood flow, vasodilation, and subsequent heat dissipation. Inhibition of COX-1 is thought to cause some of the side effects of ibuprofen including GI ulceration. Ibuprofen is administered as a racemic mixture. The R-enantiomer undergoes extensive interconversion to the S-enantiomer in vivo. The S-enantiomer is believed to be the more pharmacologically active enantiomer. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
Combination drugs
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
Back Pain (approved 1988)
Common Cold (approved 1988)
Headache (approved 1988)
Musculoskeletal Pain (approved 1988)
Toothache (approved 1988)
Abortion, Induced (Phase 4)
Acetaminophen (Phase 4)
Acute Kidney Injury (Phase 3)
Acute Pain (Phase 4)
Adenoidectomy (Phase 2)
Adolescent (Phase 4)
Aged (Phase 4)
Altitude Sickness (Phase 3)
Alzheimer Disease (Phase 4)
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures (Phase 3)
Analgesia (Phase 4)
Analgesics (Phase 4)
Analgesics, Opioid (Phase 4)
Anemia, Sickle Cell (Phase 4)
Anesthesia (Phase 4)
Anesthesia, Local (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Ankle Fractures (Early Phase 1)
Ankle Injuries (Phase 3)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents (Phase 4)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal (Phase 4)
Anxiety (Phase 4)
Appendicitis (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Arterial Occlusive Diseases (Phase 2)
Arteries (Phase 4)
Arthritis, Juvenile (Phase 4)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid (Phase 4)
Arthropathy, Neurogenic (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty (Phase 4)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip (Phase 4)
Arthroscopy (Phase 4)
Asthma (Phase 3)
Back Pain (Phase 4)
Bacterial Infections and Mycoses (Phase 4)
Balanitis (Phase 2)
Bariatric Surgery (Phase 4)
Bipolar Disorder (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Bone and Bones (Phase 1)
Bone Resorption (Phase 1)
Brachial Plexus Neuritis (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Brain Concussion (Phase 2)
Brain Injuries (Phase 2)
Brain Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Breast Diseases (Phase 3)
Breast Neoplasms (Phase 3)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (Phase 2)
Burns (Phase 3)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Phase 4)
Celiac Disease (Phase 4)
Cerebral Palsy (Phase 3)
Cervix Uteri (Phase 4)
Cesarean Section (Phase 4)
Chronic Pain (Phase 4)
Cognition Disorders (Phase 2)
Cognitive Dysfunction (Phase 2)
Cold Temperature (Phase 3)
Coma (Phase 2)
Common Cold (Phase 3)
Communication (Phase 2)
Congenital Abnormalities (Phase 4)
Consciousness Disorders (Phase 2)
Constipation (Phase 4)
Contraception (Phase 2)
Coronavirus (Phase 4)
Delirium (Phase 4)
Depression (Phase 4)
Depressive Disorder, Major (Phase 2/Phase 3)
De Quervain Disease (Phase 4)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 (Phase 2)
Diverticulitis (Phase 4)
Drug Interactions (Phase 1)
Drug Misuse (Early Phase 1)
Drugs, Generic (Phase 1)
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent (Phase 4)
Dysmenorrhea (Phase 3)
Eclampsia (Phase 4)
Emergencies (Phase 3)
Emergency Service, Hospital (Phase 4)
Empathy (Phase 1)
Emphysema (Phase 2)
Enuresis (Phase 2)
Epilepsies, Partial (Phase 2)
Epilepsy (Phase 2)
Esophageal and Gastric Varices (Phase 4)
Exercise (Phase 3)
Eye Neoplasms (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Facial Pain (Early Phase 1)
Fentanyl (Phase 4)
Fertilization in Vitro (Phase 2)
Fever (Phase 4)
Fractures, Bone (Phase 4)
Fractures, Stress (Phase 1)
Gallbladder Diseases (Phase 4)
Ganglion Cysts (Phase 4)
General Surgery (Phase 4)
Gingival Diseases (Phase 2)
Granuloma (Phase 2)
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (Phase 2)
Headache (Phase 4)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 4)
Heart Diseases (Phase 3)
HELLP Syndrome (Phase 4)
Hematologic Diseases (Phase 4)
Hemoglobins (Phase 2)
Hernia (Phase 3)
Hernia, Abdominal (Phase 2)
Herpangina (Phase 2)
Hip Fractures (Phase 4)
HIV Infections (Phase 3)
Hodgkin Disease (Phase 1)
Hot Temperature (Phase 4)
Hyperandrogenism (Phase 2)
Hypertension (Phase 4)
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced (Phase 4)
Hypotension, Orthostatic (Phase 1)
Ibuprofen (Phase 4)
Immune System Diseases (Phase 4)
Immunization (Phase 2)
Infant, Extremely Premature (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Infant, Newborn (Phase 1)
Infant, Premature (Phase 4)
Infections (Phase 3)
Infertility (Phase 3)
Infertility, Female (Phase 4)
Inflammation (Phase 4)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Phase 4)
Influenza, Human (Phase 4)
Injections (Phase 4)
Intestinal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Intrauterine Devices (Phase 3)
Ketorolac (Early Phase 1)
Kidney Calculi (Phase 4)
Kidney Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Knee Injuries (Phase 4)
Leukemia (Phase 1)
Leukemia, Hairy Cell (Phase 1)
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell (Phase 1)
Lichen Planus, Oral (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Live Birth (Phase 4)
Low Back Pain (Phase 4)
Lung Diseases (Phase 3)
Lung Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Malaria (Phase 2)
Mastocytosis, Systemic (Phase 1)
Mastodynia (Phase 4)
Melanoma (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Migraine Disorders (Phase 4)
Migraine without Aura (Phase 4)
Molar, Third (Phase 4)
Mosquito Vectors (Phase 4)
Mucositis (Phase 3)
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting (Phase 4)
Multiple Trauma (Phase 3)
Muscle Stretching Exercises (Phase 3)
Muscular Atrophy (Phase 3)
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne (Phase 1)
Musculoskeletal Diseases (Phase 3)
Musculoskeletal Pain (Phase 3)
Myalgia (Phase 4)
Myocardial Infarction (Phase 4)
Myocardial Ischemia (Phase 4)
Nail Diseases (Phase 4)
Nails, Malformed (Phase 4)
Narcotics (Phase 4)
Nausea (Phase 4)
Neck Pain (Phase 3)
Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous (Phase 4)
Obesity (Phase 4)
Obesity, Morbid (Phase 4)
Opiate Substitution Treatment (Phase 4)
Opioid-Related Disorders (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis, Hip (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis, Knee (Phase 4)
Osteoarthritis, Spine (Phase 3)
Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (Phase 4)
Ovulation (Phase 2)
Ovulation Inhibition (Phase 2)
Pain (Phase 4)
Pain Management (Phase 4)
Pain Measurement (Phase 4)
Pain, Postoperative (Phase 4)
Pancreatitis (Phase 2)
Paraphimosis (Phase 2)
Parasitemia (Phase 2)
Patient Compliance (Phase 3)
Patient Satisfaction (Phase 3)
Pelvic Organ Prolapse (Phase 4)
Pelvis (Phase 4)
Peptic Ulcer (Phase 3)
Periodontitis (Phase 4)
Peripheral Arterial Disease (Phase 3)
Persistent Vegetative State (Phase 2)
Pharmacokinetics (Phase 2)
Pharyngitis (Phase 4)
Phimosis (Phase 2)
Physical Exertion (Phase 3)
Pituitary Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Plasmacytoma (Phase 1)
Pneumococcal Vaccines (Phase 4)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Phase 2)
Postoperative Complications (Phase 4)
Pre-Eclampsia (Phase 4)
Pregnancy (Phase 3)
Pregnancy Complications (Phase 4)
Pregnancy Trimester, First (Phase 4)
Prostate-Specific Antigen (Phase 4)
Prostatic Hyperplasia (Phase 4)
Prostatic Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Pulpitis (Phase 4)
Pure Autonomic Failure (Phase 1)
Quality of Life (Phase 4)
Radiation Oncology (Phase 3)
Renal Insufficiency (Phase 4)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Phase 4)
Respiratory Sounds (Phase 3)
Respiratory Tract Infections (Phase 3)
Retinopathy of Prematurity (Phase 2)
Rhinitis, Allergic (Phase 1)
Rib Fractures (Phase 4)
Robotic Surgical Procedures (Phase 4)
Rotator Cuff Injuries (Phase 4)
Schizophrenia (Phase 1)
Sciatica (Phase 4)
Seizures (Phase 4)
Sepsis (Phase 4)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Phase 4)
Shock, Septic (Phase 3)
Shoulder Pain (Phase 4)
Sinusitis (Phase 4)
Skeleton (Phase 2)
Sleep (Phase 4)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive (Phase 4)
Sleep Apnea Syndromes (Phase 4)
Soft Tissue Injuries (Phase 2)
Spinal Cord Injuries (Phase 1)
Spondylosis (Phase 2)
Sprains and Strains (Phase 3)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck (Phase 3)
Stomach Diseases (Phase 1)
Stomatitis, Aphthous (Phase 2)
Stomatognathic Diseases (Phase 3)
Streptococcal Infections (Phase 4)
Sunburn (Phase 2)
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Tendinopathy (Phase 3)
Tension-Type Headache (Phase 4)
Therapeutic Equivalency (Phase 1)
Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted (Phase 4)
Tonsillectomy (Phase 3)
Tonsillitis (Phase 4)
Tooth (Phase 3)
Tooth Abnormalities (Phase 4)
Tooth Diseases (Phase 3)
Tooth Extraction (Phase 4)
Tooth, Impacted (Phase 3)
Trigger Finger Disorder (Phase 4)
Tuberculosis (Phase 4)
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant (Phase 2)
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary (Phase 2)
Ulcer (Phase 3)
Urethral Stricture (Phase 4)
Urinary Tract Infections (Phase 4)
Uterine Diseases (Phase 4)
Vasculitis (Phase 3)
Venous Cutdown (Phase 4)
Wounds and Injuries (Phase 4)
| Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
|---|
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