Active Ingredient History
Caffeine is a methylxanthine alkaloid found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia that is structurally related to adenosine and acts primarily as an adenosine receptor antagonist with psychotropic and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon ingestion, caffeine binds to adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), which inhibits adenosine binding. This inhibits the adenosine-mediated downregulation of CNS activity; thus, stimulating the activity of the medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers in the brain. The anti-inflammatory effects of caffeine are due the nonselective competitive inhibition of phosphodiesterases. Caffeine is used by mouth or rectally in combination with painkillers (such as aspirin and acetaminophen) and a chemical called ergotamine for treating migraineheadaches. It is also used with painkillers for simple headaches and preventing and treating headaches after epidural anesthesia. Caffeine creams are applied to the skin to reduce redness and itching in dermatitis. Healthcare providers sometimes give caffeine intravenously (by IV) for headache after epidural anesthesia, breathing problems in newborns, and to increase urine flow. In foods, caffeine is used as an ingredient in soft drinks, energy drinks, and other beverages. NCATS
Drug Pricing (per unit)
Note: This drug pricing data is preliminary, incomplete, and may contain errors.
Combination drugs
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
| Organization | Org Type | FDA approvals | Clinical Trials involvement | Org ID | Force Sort |
|---|
Acute Kidney Injury (Phase 1)
Acute Pain (Phase 3)
Adenoidectomy (Phase 2)
Affect (Phase 4)
Aged (Phase 4)
Alzheimer Disease (Phase 3)
Amblyopia (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Phase 1)
Anemia (Phase 1)
Anesthesia (Phase 4)
Anxiety (Phase 4)
Apnea (Phase 4)
Arthralgia (Phase 3)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid (Phase 1)
Atherosclerosis (Phase 4)
Atrial Fibrillation (Phase 3)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (Early Phase 1)
Back Pain (Phase 3)
Brain Diseases (Phase 2)
Brain Injuries (Phase 4)
Breast Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (Phase 4)
Caffeine (Phase 4)
Cannabinoids (Early Phase 1)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung (Phase 4)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell (Phase 4)
Cardiovascular Diseases (Phase 4)
Cellulitis (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Cerebral Intraventricular Hemorrhage (Phase 4)
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic (Phase 2)
Chronic Pain (Phase 1)
Cocaine-Related Disorders (Phase 4)
Cognition (Phase 4)
Cognition Disorders (Phase 4)
Cognitive Dysfunction (Phase 2)
Colitis, Ulcerative (Phase 4)
Common Cold (Phase 4)
Communicable Diseases (Phase 1)
Coronary Artery Disease (Phase 3)
Coronary Disease (Phase 3)
COVID-19 (Phase 1)
Crohn Disease (Phase 4)
Cytochromes (Phase 1)
Dermatitis, Atopic (Phase 1)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (Phase 1)
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Drug Interactions (Phase 1)
Drugs, Investigational (Early Phase 1)
Dysmenorrhea (Phase 3)
Dyspnea (Phase 2)
Endothelium (Phase 4)
Endotoxemia (Phase 1)
Energy Metabolism (Phase 4)
Exercise (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Flavonoids (Early Phase 1)
Food-Drug Interactions (Phase 1)
Graft Rejection (Phase 4)
Headache (Phase 3)
Healthy Volunteers (Phase 4)
Hemodynamics (Phase 4)
Hepatitis C, Chronic (Phase 1)
HIV Infections (Phase 1)
Hypotension, Orthostatic (Phase 1)
Hypoxia (Phase 3)
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain (Phase 1)
Infant, Premature (Phase 3)
Infant, Premature, Diseases (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Intermittent Claudication (Phase 3)
Intestinal Neoplasms (Phase 4)
Intubation (Phase 4)
Ischemic Stroke (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Labor Stage, Second (Phase 1)
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute (Phase 1)
Liver Diseases (Phase 1)
Low Back Pain (Phase 3)
Lung Diseases (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Melanoma (Phase 1)
Memory Disorders (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I (Phase 1)
Metabolic Syndrome (Phase 1)
Metabolism (Phase 1)
Migraine with Aura (Phase 3)
Migraine without Aura (Phase 3)
Mitochondrial Diseases (Phase 1)
Molecular Imaging (Phase 1)
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting (Phase 3)
Musculoskeletal Pain (Phase 3)
Myocardial Infarction (Phase 3)
Narcolepsy (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Neck Pain (Phase 3)
Neoplasms (Phase 2)
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Obesity (Phase 3)
Obesity, Morbid (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Overweight (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Oxygen (Phase 4)
Pain ()
Pain, Postoperative (Phase 3)
Parkinson Disease (Phase 3)
Performance-Enhancing Substances (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Pharmacokinetics (Phase 1)
Pharmacology (Phase 1)
Placebo Effect (Phase 4)
Porphyria, Acute Intermittent (Phase 1)
Porphyrias (Phase 1)
Post-Dural Puncture Headache (Phase 4)
Postoperative Cognitive Complications (Phase 2)
Postoperative Complications (Phase 2)
Premature Birth (Phase 3)
Prostatic Neoplasms (Phase 1)
Psoriasis (Phase 1)
Pure Autonomic Failure (Phase 1)
Reperfusion Injury (Phase 4)
Retinopathy of Prematurity (Phase 2)
Scoliosis (Phase 4)
Sexual Health (Phase 1)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive (Phase 2)
Smoking (Phase 1)
Spinal Cord Injuries (Phase 1/Phase 2)
Sports (Phase 3)
Sports Medicine (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Syncope, Vasovagal (Phase 2)
Task Performance and Analysis (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Tension-Type Headache (Phase 2/Phase 3)
Tobacco Use Disorder (Phase 1)
Tonsillectomy (Phase 2)
Tooth Diseases (Phase 3)
Ventilators, Mechanical (Phase 4)
Vertigo (Phase 4)
Vestibular Diseases (Phase 4)
Voice Disorders (Early Phase 1)
| Trial | Phase | Start Date | Organizations | Indications |
|---|
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